Understanding the different testing methods and what each evaluates gives your quality control team options for ensuring your weld is fit for service. Whether used for failure analysis, welder performance qualification, or sample or research inspections, destructive weld tests detect crack initiation and other defects before it's too late. ​

We've compiled a list of the most common weld discontinuities and how to correct them. A discontinuity is a flaw in the weld, but they are only considered to be weld defects when they exceed the limit allowed by the welding code. Learn more about welding codes here. Each code determines the extent of the discontinuity before it is classified as a defect and must be repaired. 

For example, if a welding code acceptance criteria allows for undercut up to 1/32" deep and the welding inspector measures undercut that is 1/16" deep, then that weld is rejectable. If the undercut measured was 1/32" or less, then the weld is acceptable. 

All defects are discontinuities, but not all discontinuities are defects. Understanding this forms the key to the proper analysis of any weld performed in accordance with the requirements of a welding code or specification. 

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Concave root surface is a groove weld exhibiting underfill at the root surface.

Possible Causes
Too Much Current
Arc Length Too Long
Root Face Too Small
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Possible Cures
Reduce Current
Maintain Proper Arc Length
Use Proper Joint Fitup ​

Overlap is extra filler metal that spreads out beyond the weld bead.

Possible Causes
Travel Speed Too Slow

Possible Cures
Use Proper Travel Speed​

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Most welding codes require that each manufacturer or contractor certify their own welders. This means a welding test taken for XYZ Company cannot be transferred to another company if you change employment.  So, if XYZ Company had you take a test to become certified for the work you were doing there, it is not at all valid under another company. You will have to start the certification process from scratch at a new employer. ​

This program establishes high standards for test facilities, their personnel, and equipment to qualify for accreditation to test and qualify welders. 

With an ATF test your certification can be taken to any employer without having to re-certify. Additionally, you'll have convenient digital access to your certifications and continuity log from anywhere on any device with the AWS WeldCert Pro platform! You will be also listed in the National Registry of Welders, where potential employers can search to find certified welders in their area.

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As of November 3rd, 2025 the American Welding Society has updated their specifications to QC47 for Accredited Test Facilities like Earlbeck. For welders, this just means that your AWS welder certification records are going digital with the AWS WeldCert Pro platform! You'll be able to easily access your credentials from anywhere on any device. Manage certifications, WPQs, and WPSs all in one place!

If you are an AWS Certified welder and your test was done through an AWS Accredited Test Facility (ATF) you will need to renew your certification regularly with AWS to keep them current.

Certifications in accordance with Supplement C or D9.1 for the Sheet Metal Welding Code require maintenance every 12 months. Certifications in accordance with D1.1 and all other codes require maintenance every 6 months.  You must also keep an auditable record of welding activity within every 6 month period. 

If you are an AWS Certified Welder in need of renewing your certification, download the form below, fill out and send in by the expiration date to properly maintain your certification.

Online QuikCheck is your fastest way to verify current AWS Certification credentials. Enter an individual’s certification information and get immediate results- AWS CERTIFICATION QUIKCHECK

Though you can work as a professional welder without ever becoming certified, there are quite a few reasons to become a certified welder. There is no single certification that certifies a welder for all process, metals or positions. However, even having one certification can expand opportunities for the welder.
By becoming a certified welder, you will open more career opportunities. Certified welders are in demand in a variety of industries, including construction, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and more. 

Many employers will hire certified welders because it is a tangible record of skill. Certification is a great way to demonstrate the welders level of training and experience while job hunting. A certified welder is also more appealing to an employer because statistics have shown that those that are certified have a lower rate of on the job incidents and injuries in comparison to non certified welders. 
Once you've acquired a job, you will be able to command a higher rate of pay. Bureau of Labor statistics indicate a certified welder can earn up to 60% more than non certified welders. You will also have better job security. When companies reduce their welding staff, they're more likely to retain a certified welder because their certification makes them harder to replace in the future. 

Most importantly, a certification may be required if it is called out in a contract or project blueprints. If this is the case, it is imperative that the welder doing the work is certified to the correct code specified. If awarded a project, make sure you have read all requirements and you are in compliance with the requirements. 
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